位置24的问题 The research team is not able to see all of the potential outcomes for each individual. Which of the following potential outcomes are the research team able to observe?Y1 for middle schoolers who regularly play MMORPGsY0 for middle schoolers who regularly play MMORPGsY1 for middle schoolers who do not regularly play MMORPGsY0 for middle schoolers who do not regularly play MMORPGs

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks which potential outcomes the research team is able to observe, given that they cannot see all possible outcomes for each individual.
Option 1: 'Y1 for middle schoolers who regularly play MMORPGs' — This is plausible because if regular MMORPG players are studied, observing a positive outcome (Y1) for this group aligns with collecting data on observed outcomes from the subset of participants who engage in MMORPGs.
Option 2: 'Y0 for middle schoolers who regularly play MMORPGs' — This would imply that among regular MMORPG players, only negative outcomes (Y0) are observed. While possible in a narrow study, it contradicts the idea of observing the full range of outcomes for that subgroup in typical data collection, and it unnecessarily restricts what can be observed, making it unlikely as a generalizable observational outcome.
Option 3: 'Y1 for middle schoolers who do not regularly play MMORPGs' — This suggests that non-regular players show a positive outcome (Y1). It is not inherently impossible, but the stem emphasizes the inability to observe all potential outcomes for each individual, which would typically still allow observing Y1 in this subgroup if present. However, if the study design limits observation to certain groups, this option may be inconsistent with the stated limitation depending on context.
Option 4: 'Y0 for middle schoolers who do not regularly play MMORPGs' — This is consistent with observing a negative outcome (Y0) in the non-regular players subgroup. If the study can observe outcomes for this group and Y0 occurs, then this option is valid as an observable outcome under the study’s constraints.
In sum, the two options that align with observable outcomes given the described limitation are those that reflect actual observed outcomes within the respective subgroups: positive outcome for regular players and negative outcome for non-regular players. The other options either posit unlikely or restrictive observations or duplicate potential patterns that may not be guaranteed under the study’s constraints.

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