During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other Black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________.

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The question presents Rosa Parks and other Black protestors refusing to sit at the back of the bus during the civil rights movement, asking you to identify the term that describes this act.
Option 1: negative deviance. Negative deviance refers to behavior that violates societal norms in a harmful or disapproved way. Since the act in question challenged segregation and aimed to promote equality rather than simply violate norms for its own sake, this option mischaracterizes the gesture.
Option 2: social control. Social control describes the mechanisms a society uses to enforce conformity to norms, such as laws, sanctions, and institutions. The act described is a form of resistance within that social structure, not itself a mechanism of enforcing conformity, so this option does not fit.
Option 3: positive deviance. Positive deviance refers to instances where individuals or groups deviate from the norm in a way that yields positive social outcomes, such as challenging unjust practices and improving a system. Rosa Parks’ action deviated from the racist norms of segregation and contributed to social change, matching this concept.
Option 4: mores. Mores are the strict norms with strong moral significance in a culture, often accompanied by severe sanctions if violated. While the act challenged prevailing mores, the term itself describes norms rather than the act of defiance or its positive social impact. Thus this option is not the best fit for labeling the behavior.
In summary, the act aligns with the idea of positive deviance because it diverged from unjust norms and produced a beneficial outcome for civil rights, whereas the other options describe different concepts that don’t capture the specific positive changemaking nature of this protest.

Introduction to Sociology Exam #2

During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other Black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________.

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