In the following population age pyramid in 1990 as shown in Figure A, the birth rate under which point is primarily driven by One-Child policy?

Question

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The prompt asks: In the 1990 population age pyramid (Figure A), the birth rate under which point is primarily driven by the One-Child policy? However, the provided data for answer_options is empty, so we cannot enumerate and compare specific options as requested. We can still reason about the general relationship between the One-Child policy and age-pyramid shapes, and how one would identify the impact in a 1990 snapshot.

First, recall the core effect of a strict birth-rate policy like the One-Child policy: it reduces the number of births in a given year or cohort compared to what would have occurred without the policy. In a population age-pyramid diagram, this manifests most clearly as a noticeable narrowing of the cohorts corresponding to the years during which the policy suppressed births, relative to adjacent or earlier cohorts. In practical terms:
- The bottom (youngest age groups) becomes narrower than expected for a natural or unconstrained growth pattern.
- The effect is most visible for the cohorts born after the policy’s widespread enforcement began (late 1970s to 1980s) and thus becomes apparent in the 1990 pyramid for those cohorts aged around 0–10 or so in 1990, depending on how the figure labels age bands.

Now, consider how to evaluate each possible labeled point (A, B, C, D) if they were present:
- If a point corresponds to the youngest age bands in 1990, and that band is noticeably narrower than would be expected without a policy in place, that point would likely reflect the direct impact of birth-rate suppression by the One-Child policy.
- If a point represents older cohorts (e.g., ages that were born before the policy or before its strong enforcement) and shows little to no suppression effect, that would indicate those cohorts were less affected by the policy, as they were born before or during early phases of the policy’s implementation.
- If a point shows a relatively wide youngest cohort or no distinct narrowing, that would suggest little impact from the policy, which would be inconsistent with the policy’s known timing and intensity in many contexts.

Because the answer_options are missing, we cannot align these general expectations to a specific labeled point (A, B, C, or D). If we were to map the One-Child policy effect to a particular segment, we would look for the youngest age group in 1990 that shows a pronounced narrowing compared to adjacent cohorts, as that is where the policy’s impact would most directly appear.

Regarding the provided answer hint 'Point B': in a typical analysis, if Point B were a younger-age group in 1990 that displays an unusually narrow width relative to other young cohorts, that would be consistent with the policy’s effect. Conversely, if Point B represents a middle or older cohort with no such narrowing, it would be less plausible as the primary driver.

In summary: to correctly identify the point, one would compare the birth-year cohorts corresponding to 1990 and locate which youngest cohorts show a pronounced reduction in births attributable to the policy’s enforcement. With no answer options given, this remains a theoretical guide rather than a definitive selection for Point B or any other labeled point.

SP25_ECON_363_1 Midterm Exam

In the following population age pyramid in 1990 as shown in Figure A, the birth rate under which point is primarily driven by One-Child policy?

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