Question at position 12 Is systemic pesticide exposure particularly concerning for pollinators?No: systemic pesticides are neutralized in the soil therefore those pesticides are safe for non-target speciesNo: systemic pesticides actually only affect fungi and bacterial pathogensYes: systemic pesticides stay in pollen and nectar for long durations

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Question: Is systemic pesticide exposure particularly concerning for pollinators?

Option 1: No: systemic pesticides are neutralized in the soil therefore those pesticides are safe for non-target species.
This statement is misleading. Systemic pesticides are absorbed by the plant and distributed through its tissues, including pollen and nectar. Saying they are neutralized in the soil ignores the plant-uptake pathway and the exposure route to pollinators. It also incorrectly generalizes safety for non-target species without considering pollinators that interact with treated plants.

Option 2: No: systemic pesticides actually only affect fungi and bacterial pathogens.
This is false. Systemic pesticides are designed to affect a broad range of pests, not exclusively fungi or bacteria. Many systemic pesticides target insects and other herbivores by moving within the plant, which poses a risk to pollinators that visit the plant for resources.

Option 3: Yes: systemic pesticides stay in pollen and nectar for long durations
This statement is correct. Systemic pesticides can persist within plant tissues, including pollen and nectar, for extended periods. Pollinators collecting pollen or nectar from treated plants can be exposed to these chemicals, which can have sublethal or lethal effects. The residue persistence in edible plant parts is a key concern for pollinator health and ecosystem function.

Additional context: The core misconception in the incorrect options lies in assuming safe exposure routes or limited effects. In reality, pollinators encounter systemic pesticides primarily through pollen and nectar, not merely through soil contact, and the duration of residues in these consumables is a critical factor in risk assessment. By recognizing the exposure pathway and persistence, we understand why option 3 accurately reflects the concern for pollinators.

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