Think about what you've learned so far in all the modules of the course. Why are foods of plant origin (e.g., fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds) helpful for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?

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Question restatement: Why are foods of plant origin (fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds) helpful for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Option 1: "Plants are rich in phytochemicals, which may protect the heart and blood vessels." Phytochemicals include a range of compounds such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and polyphenols that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet effects. These properties can contribute to healthier blood vessels and reduced atherosclerotic progression, which supports cardiovascular risk reduction.

Option 2: "Plants are a source of dietary fiber, which can bind to cholesterol in the GI tract and thereby help to lower cholesterol in the blood." Dietary fiber, especially soluble fiber found in oats, barley, legumes, and some fruits, can bind bile acids and interrupt cholesterol reabsorption, leading to lower LDL cholesterol levels. This mechanism is well-established as a means by which plant-based foods can improve blood lipid profiles.

Option 3: "Most foods of plant origin are low in total and saturated fat, and thus promote a healthy blood lipid profile." Plant-based foods tend to have lower saturated fat and zero cholesterol compared to many animal-derived foods. Lower saturated fat intake is associated with reductions in LDL cholesterol and improvements in overall lipid balance, contributing to cardiovascular risk reduction.

Option 4: "All of the choices are correct." When evaluating the individual points above, each describes a plausible pathway by which plant-based foods can support heart health: phytochemicals with protective vascular effects, fiber-mediated cholesterol reduction, and generally favorable fat profiles. Taken together, these mechanisms collectively explain why plant-origin foods are linked to lower cardiovascular risk.

Reasoning synthesis: Each listed mechanism—phytochemical protection, fiber-related cholesterol management, and low saturated fat content—addresses a facet of cardiovascular risk reduction seen with plant-based eating. There are no contradictions among the options; they complement one another and collectively account for the cardiovascular benefits of plant-origin foods.

HUMNNTR 2200 SP2025 (15810) Clinical Application: Mediterranean Diet

Think about what you've learned so far in all the modules of the course. Why are foods of plant origin (e.g., fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds) helpful for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?

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Think about what you've learned so far in all the modules of the course. Why are foods of plant origin (e.g., fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds) helpful for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?

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