Low levels of physical activity or a sedentary lifestyle may lead to: 

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When evaluating the potential outcomes of a sedentary lifestyle, we need to consider how low physical activity affects body composition and health markers.
Option 1: 'a decline in muscle mass AND decreased subcutaneous fat.' Generally, inactivity is more associated with reduced muscle mass, but it does not typically cause decreased subcutaneous fat; instead, fat tends to accumulate or remain unchanged. So this pairing is inconsistent with common physiological responses to a sedentary lifestyle.
Option 2: 'a decline in muscle strength AND increased bone mineral density.' Sedentary behavior tends to reduce muscle strength rather than increase it, and it often leads to lower bone mineral density (bone loss) rather than an increase. Therefore, this option misstates both muscle strength trajectory and bone outcomes.
Option 3: 'a decline in muscle mass AND increased subcutaneous fat.' This aligns with well-established observations: reduced activity can lead to loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia-like effects in older adults) and simultaneous gains in fat mass or redistribution, including increased subcutaneous fat, due to energy imbalance and reduced metabolic activity.
Option 4: 'a decline in muscle strength AND increased walking speed.' A sedentary lifestyle would more plausibly decrease walking speed due to weaker muscles and poorer endurance, not increase it. This pairing contradicts typical functional decline associated with inactivity.
Across the options, the most coherent and evidence-supported combination is that low activity contributes to both reduced muscle mass and greater fat deposition in the subcutaneous compartment, whereas the other options contain incorrect or implausible contrasts with known physiology.

Low levels of physical activity or a sedentary lifestyle may lead to:

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