The photoelectric emission confirms

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The prompt presents a question about what the photoelectric emission confirms in the context of radiation theory, followed by four answer choices. 
Option a: 'dual nature of radiation' – This statement points to the broader concept that radiation exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties. While the photoelectric effect demonstrates particle-like properties of light, it does not by itself claim the full dual nature; it is one piece of the broader dual-nature framework. So this option is not the most precise single takeaway from the photoelectric emission.
Option b: 'particle nature of radiation' – The photoelectric effect shows that light consists of quanta, or photons, transferring discrete energy to electrons. This directly evidences the particle aspect of light. This choice captures the core implication of the photoelectric emission experiment.
Option c: 'electromagnetic nature of radiation' – This phrase emphasizes that radiation is an electromagnetic wave phenomenon. The photoelectric effect does not primarily demonstrate wave behavior; it highlights energy quantization and particle-like interactions, so this is not the best description of what the emission confirms.
Option d: 'wave nature of radiation' – This option would emphasize interference, diffraction, and other wave properties. The photoelectric emission, instead, undermines a purely wave-only view by requiring quantized energy and particle interactions, making this choice incorrect as the primary confirmation.
In summary, the photoelectric emission provides direct evidence for the particle aspect of light, aligning with option b. The other options either overgeneralize (a), address wave aspects that the experiment does not primarily demonstrate (c and d), or describe phenomena not central to the photoelectric context. 
Therefore, option b best matches the confirmed interpretation from the photoelectric effect and why it is significant in quantum theory.

MUF0122 Physics Unit 2 - Semester 2, 2025 13.7 Photoelectric effect

The photoelectric emission confirms

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