Question at position 36 As a queen walks on combs in the hive, she leaves behind chemical residues that are detectable by workers. What is the most likely pheromone involved?ethyl oleatealarm pheromonetarsal pheromonequeen mandibular pheromone

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Question restatement: In a hive, when the queen walks on the combs, she leaves chemical residues detectable by workers. Which pheromone is most likely involved?

Option 1: ethyl oleate
- Context: Ethyl oleate is a pheromone associated with forager bees and is involved in regulating certain worker bee behaviors, particularly in relation to aging and nursing tasks. It is not the primary residue tied to the queen’s presence on the comb.
- Why it’s not the best match: While it influences worker behavior, the classic residue marking by a queen on comb surfaces is more directly linked to queen-specific signaling rather than a general forager-derived cue.

Option 2: alarm pheromone
- Context: Alarm pheromones alert colonies to danger and typically provoke defensive or flight responses. They originate from venom or specialized glands and signal emergency situations.
- Why it’s not the best match: The queen’s benign presence on combs is not primarily about triggering alarm responses in workers; the question points to a colony-regulating scent rather than an emergency signal.

Option 3: tarsal pheromone
- Context: Tarsal pheromones are produced by the legs (tarsi) of some insects and can be involved in marking or recruitment in specific contexts. In bees, tarsal pheromones are less canonical as the primary queen-marking signal.
- Why it’s not the best match: Although tarsal glands can contribute to certain contact or marking signals, the well-established queen-associated residue on combs is not typically described as a tarsal pheromone.

Option 4: queen mandibular pheromone
- Context: The queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) is produced by the queen’s mandibular glands and is the classic, multi-component chemical signal that marks the presence of a live queen in the colony. It is detectable by workers and helps regulate worker behavior, suppress queen development in troops of eggs, and maintain social order. QMP residues are commonly spread on comb surfaces as the queen travels.
- Why it’s the best match: This is the quintessential pheromone associated with a queen’s presence on combs, directly aligning with the description of residues laid down by the queen that workers detect to gauge colony status.

Summary: Each option has aspects of bee pheromone biology, but the scenario of a queen walking on combs leaving detectable residues that influence worker behavior points most directly to the queen mandibular pheromone. The other options describe pheromones with different, less direct roles in queen-marking or worker regulation.

Question at position 36 As a queen walks on combs in the hive, she leaves behind chemical residues that are detectable by workers. What is the most likely pheromone involved?ethyl oleatealarm pheromonetarsal pheromonequeen mandibular pheromone

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