Which of the following thermal events is representative of an exothermic transition

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To address the question, I will list the scenario and then evaluate each option in turn.
Option 1: Ice sublimation. Sublimation is the process where a solid transitions directly to a gas, bypassing the liquid phase. This phase change requires energy input, so it is an endothermic process, not exothermic.
Option 2: Sublimation description clarified here as 'sublimation' (if considered) also involves absorbing heat to overcome molecular forces, making it endothermic rather than exothermic.
Option 3: Melting of a collagen gel. Melting refers to a solid or semi-solid becoming a liquid. This requires absorption of latent heat to break intermolecular bonds, which means the process is endothermic, not exothermic.
Option 4: Starch gelatinisation. Gelatinisation is the swelling and eventual disruption of granules in starch when heated with water, again requiring energy absorption to disrupt crystalline structure; this is an endothermic transition as well.
Option 5: Fat crystallisation. Crystallisation of fats involves molecules rearranging from a disordered state into an ordered solid lattice, releasing latent heat in the process. This is characteristic of an exothermic transition.
In summary, among the listed thermal events, the one that corresponds to an exothermic change is the fat crystallisation, because it releases heat during the transition from a disordered to an ordered crystalline state.
Note on the underlying concept: exothermic transitions are typically associated with crystallization or solidification where energy is released as bonds form, whereas melting, sublimation, and gelatinisation require input of energy to overcome molecular interactions and reorganize into higher-entropy or more disordered states.

Which of the following thermal events is representative of an exothermic transition

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