Which factor is NOT typically influenced by genetic variations in pharmacogenomics?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To approach this question, consider what pharmacogenomics studies: how genetic differences influence drug behavior and patient outcomes. 
Option 1: Time of day the drug is administered. This is largely governed by circadian rhythms, dosing schedules, and practical considerations like meals or adherence, rather than genetic variation. While timing can affect drug exposure in some contexts, pharmacogenomics does not typically describe genetic influence on when to take a medication.
Option 2: Drug dosage requirements. Genetic differences in enzymes (such as CYP450 variants) or transporters can alter how quickly a drug is metabolized or distributed, leading to higher or lower dose needs for therapeutic effect. This is a classic area of pharmacogenomics, and is commonly observed in clinical practice.
Option 3: Drug safety and adverse reactions. Genetic factors can predispose individuals to adverse events, such as HLA alleles associated with hypersensitivity reactions or metabolic defects that increase toxicity risk. This is a well-established facet of pharmacogenomics.
Option 4: Drug efficacy and response. Genetic variation can influence receptor binding, signaling pathways, or metabolite levels, affecting how well a drug works for a given patient. Variability in efficacy due to genetics is a central theme in pharmacogenomics.
In summary, options 2, 3, and 4 describe typical pharmacogenomic influences on dosage, safety, and efficacy, while option 1 describes a timing factor more related to external or physiological rhythms than genetics. Therefore, the statement that is NOT typically influenced by genetic variations is the time-of-day administration.

PCOL2021 2025 Practice MCQ Section A - 2025

Which factor is NOT typically influenced by genetic variations in pharmacogenomics?

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