A student measures the pH of two solutions. Solution A has a pH of 4, and Solution B has a pH of 6. Based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

First, recall the definition of pH: it is the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration, so pH = -log10[H+].
Then, the difference in pH between two solutions corresponds to a tenfold difference in [H+ ] for each unit of pH difference. Here, Solution A has pH 4 and Solution B has pH 6, so the difference is 2 pH units.
A 2-unit difference means [H+] changes by a factor of 10^2 = 100. Since lower pH means higher hydrogen ion concentration, Solution A (pH 4) has 100 times more hydrogen ions than Solution B (pH 6).
Now evaluate the options:
Option 1: 'Solution A has 100 times more hydrogen ions than Solution B.' This aligns with the 100x factor derived from the 2-unit pH difference, so it is correct.
Option 2: 'Solution A has 2 times more hydrogen ions than Solution B.' A 2x factor would correspond to a 0.3 pH unit difference (since 10^0.301 ≈ 2), not a 2-unit difference, so this is incorrect.
Option 3: 'Solution A has 20 times more hydrogen ions than Solution B.' A 20x factor would correspond to a pH difference of about log10(20) ≈ 1.301, not 2 units, so this is incorrect.
Option 4: 'Solution A has 1/100 the hydrogen ion concentration of Solution B.' This would imply Solution A is less acidic, opposite to the actual relation inferred from pH 4 vs 6, so this is incorrect.
In summary, the only statement that matches the relationship established by a 2-unit pH difference is that Solution A has 100 times more hydrogen ions than Solution B.

A student measures the pH of two solutions. Solution A has a pH of 4, and Solution B has a pH of 6. Based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?

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