Which statement best reflects the relationship between fear and the likelihood of attitude change?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In interpreting how fear relates to attitude change, it’s helpful to recall that fear can influence persuasion differently depending on context and content.
Option a: 'Very low levels of fear produce the strongest and most lasting attitude change.' This is a common misconception; extremely low fear may fail to capture attention and motivation, while very high fear can trigger defensive processing or avoidance, so this statement overgeneralizes about effectiveness and ignores the role of information quality.
Option b: 'The influence of fear on attitude change varies depending on its intensity and the amount of information presented.' This nuanced view aligns with the literature on fear appeals, which shows that moderate fear paired with strong, relevant information and perceived efficacy tends to produce greater attitude change; too little fear may not motivate change, while too much fear without usable information can backfire or cause defensiveness.
Option c: 'Greater levels of fear generally make attitude change more likely.' This framing assumes a monotonic relationship where more fear always yields more change, which is contradicted by evidence showing that excessive fear can lead to defensive avoidance, message rejection, or avoidant coping, reducing change.
Option d: 'There is no association between fear and attitude change.' This dismisses a well-documented influence of affective states on persuasion; fear can impact attention, perception of threat, and motivation, so denying any relationship ignores substantial findings in attitude-change research.

Which statement best reflects the relationship between fear and the likelihood of attitude change?

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