The fibrous pericardium is incised anteriorly throughout its length and breadth by intersecting vertical and horizontal incisions. The flaps of fibrous pericardium are opened to reveal:

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The question describes an anteriorly incised fibrous pericardium with flaps opened to reveal underlying structures. 
Option 1: 'the visceral layer of the serous pericardium which lines its inner surface' This is incorrect because the visceral layer (also called the epicardium when in contact with the heart) lies on the external surface of the heart itself, not on the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium after opening the flap. 
Option 2: 'the parietal layer of the serous pericardium which lines its inner surface' This is the correct description of what becomes exposed when the fibrous pericardium is opened anteriorly—the parietal layer of the serous pericardium lines the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium. The parietal layer forms the outer boundary of the pericardial cavity. 
Option 3: 'the parietal layer of serous pericardium lining the heart' This phrasing is ambiguous and misleading because the parietal layer does not line the heart; the heart is lined by the visceral layer, while the parietal layer lines the fibrous pericardium and forms the boundary of the pericardial cavity. 
Option 4: 'a space between the heart and the visceral layer of serous pericardium' This describes the pericardial cavity, which indeed contains a potential space with a small amount of fluid, but it is not the structure that is exposed as a flap is opened; the exposure specifically reveals the parietal layer, not the cavity space itself. 
Overall, tracing the anatomy: opening the fibrous pericardium reveals the serous layers, with the parietal layer lining the inner surface of the fibrous sac, thereby distinguishing it from the visceral layer that adheres to the heart.

ANAT30008_2025_SM2 Exam: Viscera and Visceral Systems - Practical (ANAT30008_2025_SM2)- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

The fibrous pericardium is incised anteriorly throughout its length and breadth by intersecting vertical and horizontal incisions. The flaps of fibrous pericardium are opened to reveal:

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