Peptides consist of two or more amino acids and can serve as neuromodulators. They are unusual in that they:

Question

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In this question, we’re asked to evaluate statements about peptides that act as neuromodulators and identify which statement accurately describes their unusual nature.
Option a) 'require certain foods be eaten so that the body has enough of the “essential amino acids” that they consist of' This is a general statement about amino acids for protein synthesis, not a specific characteristic of neuromodulatory peptides. Peptides can be synthesized from available amino acids in the body and do not rely on a special requirement that only essential amino acids be present for their formation. Therefore, this claim misrepresents how peptides are produced and is not the defining unusual feature being asked about.
Option b) 'are not synthesised in the traditional way but are produced from the breakdown of larger compounds (polypeptides)' This matches the distinctive point being emphasized: certain neuromodulatory peptides can be generated via proteolytic processing of larger precursor polypeptides, rather than being formed solely by a straightforward, single-step amino acid chain assembly. This describes an unusual or special aspect of their biogenesis, distinguishing them from many other peptides or neurotransmitters.
Option c) 'are also important for muscle functioning' While some peptides can play roles in muscle physiology or signaling, this statement does not capture a unique or unusual property of neuromodulatory peptides. It is too general and does not address the specific biosynthetic peculiarity highlighted in the question.
Option d) 'all of the above' This would be correct only if options a, b, and c were all true. Since option a is not an accurate or relevant description of how neuromodulatory peptides are produced, and option c does not describe the unusual feature in question, 'all of the above' is not correct.
To recap, the core unusual characteristic under scrutiny is the production from breakdown of larger polypeptides (option b). The other statements either describe more general ideas about amino acids or are not specifically aligned with the distinctive biosynthesis aspect being highlighted, making them inaccurate in this context.

PSYC20006_2025_SM1 Exam: Biological Psychology (PSYC20006_2025_SM1)- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

Peptides consist of two or more amino acids and can serve as neuromodulators. They are unusual in that they:

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