Pathogenicity Island is a region where all the toxin genes of the bacteria are located.

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The statement presents a definition that Pathogenicity Islands contain all toxin genes of a bacterium, which warrants careful examination.
Option 1: True. This would mean every toxin gene of the organism is confined to a single genomic region dedicated to pathogenicity. In reality, virulence factors and toxin genes can be distributed in the chromosome or on mobile elements, and not every toxin gene must reside within a pathogenicity island. So this option oversimplifies the genetic organization of virulence determinants.
Option 2: False. Pathogenicity islands are distinct DNA segments acquired through horizontal gene transfer that carry clusters of virulence-related genes (such as adhesins, secretion systems, toxins, or iron acquisition systems). However, toxin genes are not exclusively located on PAIs, and not all toxin genes need to be part of a PAI. Moreover, virulence traits can be encoded outside PAIs, and PAIs themselves may include non-toxin virulence factors. Therefore the blanket claim that all toxin genes reside in pathogenicity islands is incorrect.
In summary, while pathogenicity islands often harbor virulence determinants including some toxins, they do not contain every toxin gene of the bacterium, and virulence genes can exist outside PAIs as well.

BTH3722 - MUM S2 2025 Quiz Week 10

Pathogenicity Island is a region where all the toxin genes of the bacteria are located.

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