A The research method that is also referred to as "fieldwork" is ________.

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The question asks for the term that is also referred to as "fieldwork" in research methods.
Option analysis: The only listed option is "participant-observation".
- Understanding the concept: In sociological and anthropological research, fieldwork commonly refers to ethnographic methods conducted in natural settings, where the researcher observes and often participates in daily activities to gain insider perspective. This approach is typically termed participant-observation, highlighting both observation and involvement by the researcher.
- Why this fits: The phrase fieldwork denotes empirical data collection in real-world contexts. Participant-observation directly embodies this by allowing researchers to observe behaviors and interactions while engaging with participants.
- If there were other options: We would compare each alternative to fieldwork characteristics (naturalistic setting, immersion, long-term data collection, qualitative emphasis). However, since only one option is provided, there is no additional comparison to make.
- Potential misconceptions to avoid: If someone mixed up with experimental methods (which occur in controlled settings) or surveys (which can be more distant and less immersive), they would miss the essence of fieldwork. Fieldwork emphasizes in-context engagement, not laboratory control or purely written questionnaires.
- Summary: Given the standard definition and the correspondence between fieldwork and participant-observation in qualitative research, the term provided precisely matches the concept described by fieldwork.

A The research method that is also referred to as "fieldwork" is ________.

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