The
[ Select ]
Vagus n. (CN X)
Pelvic splanchnic nn.
Splachnic nn.
provides parasympathetic innervation,
[ Select ]
stimulating
inhibiting
movement and activity, in the foregut (stomach, duodenum, accessory digestive organs).

Question

The 
[ Select ]
Vagus n. (CN X)
Pelvic splanchnic nn.
Splachnic nn.
 provides parasympathetic innervation, 
[ Select ]
stimulating
inhibiting
 movement and activity, in the foregut (stomach, duodenum, accessory digestive organs).

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In this item, we are filling in two blanks about parasympathetic innervation of the foregut.
First blank options conceptually include different autonomic sources: the vagus nerve (CN X), the pelvic splanchnic nerves, and the splanchnic nerves. The vagus nerve (CN X) is the principal parasympathetic supply to the foregut and much of the midgut, whereas the pelvic splanchnic nerves contribute parasympathetic input to the hindgut and pelvic organs, and the splanchnic nerves (thoracic and lumbar) carry sympathetic fibers or preganglionic sympathetic fibers to various abdominal regions. Therefore, the correct choice for the first blank is the Vagus n. (CN X).

Second blank asks whether the vagal parasympathetic output stimulates or inhibits movement and activity in the foregut. Parasympathetic activity from the vagus generally promotes digestion by increasing peristalsis and secretory activity, i.e., it stimulates movement and activity in the foregut. The alternative (inhibiting) would imply a suppressive effect, which is not characteristic of parasympathetic innervation in this region. Thus, the correct choice for the second blank is stimulating.

Putting it together:
- For the [Select] position before Vagus n. (CN X), the options describe different autonomic sources; choosing the vagus nerve aligns with its known parasympathetic innervation of the foregut.
- For the [Select] position after parasympathetic innervation, selecting stimulating matches the physiological effect of vagal input on foregut motility and secretions.

Common misconceptions to avoid:
- Thinking the pelvic splanchnic nerves provide foregut parasympathetic innervation: they mainly affect pelvic organs and parts of the distal colon; they are not the primary supply to the foregut.
- Assuming sympathetic (splanchnic nerves) input dominates foregut regulation: sympathetic input generally inhibits motility and secretion, opposing vagal parasympathetic actions.
- Confusing stimulating with inhibiting due to confusion about ‘rest-and-digest’ concepts: while parasympathetic dominance promotes digestion, in some contexts there are regional variations; however, in the foregut, vagal parasympathetic activity stimulates movement and secretory activity.

Overall, the selections are: Vagus n. (CN X) for the first blank and stimulating for the second blank, which together describe vagal parasympathetic innervation promoting foregut motility and activity.

ANATOMY 2300 SP2025 (2146) Unit 5 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

The [ Select ] Vagus n. (CN X) Pelvic splanchnic nn. Splachnic nn. provides parasympathetic innervation, [ Select ] stimulating inhibiting movement and activity, in the foregut (stomach, duodenum, accessory digestive organs).

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