What are the oxidation numbers of the chlorine and oxygen atoms in the perchlorate ion (ClO4–)?

Oxygen:
[ Select ]
0
–1
–2

Chlorine:
[ Select ]
+5
0
+7
–1
+3

Question

What are the oxidation numbers of the chlorine and oxygen atoms in the perchlorate ion (ClO4–)?

Oxygen: 
[ Select ]
0
–1
–2

Chlorine: 
[ Select ]
+5
0
+7
–1
+3

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To solve the oxidation numbers in the perchlorate ion ClO4–, start from known conventions: oxygen almost always has an oxidation number of −2. If we have four oxygens, their total contribution is 4 × (−2) = −8. The overall charge of the ion is −1, so the sum of oxidation numbers must equal −1: Cl + (−8) = −1, which gives Cl = +7.

Now evaluate each option for oxygen:
- Oxygen options: 0, −1, −2
  • 0 would not balance the −8 from four oxygens to reach the total −1; it would leave too little negative charge.
  • −1 is also inconsistent with typical oxygen oxidation state in most oxoanions where oxygen is −2, and it would make the total charge impossible to reach −1 with only chlorine contributing a single + or − value.
  • −2 is the correct choice, as shown by the standard rule for oxygen in oxoanions and by balancing the overall charge.

Evaluate each option for chlorine:
- Chlorine options: +5, 0, +7, −1, +3
  • +5 would yield a total of +5 + (−8) = −3, not matching the required overall −1 charge.
  • 0 would give 0 + (−8) = −8, again far from −1.
  • +7 yields +7 + (−8) = −1, which matches the ion’s overall charge and satisfies mass balance for oxidation states.
  • −1 would give −1 + (−8) = −9, which is incorrect for this ion.
  • +3 would give +3 + (−8) = −5, not the required −1.

In summary, the correct pair is Oxygen = −2 and Chlorine = +7, consistent with the known oxidation-state rules and the −1 charge of ClO4–. All other listed values fail to satisfy either the standard oxidation-state conventions for oxygen or the overall charge balance for perchlorate.

CHEM 110 Section 3 (PM) SP25 Pre-Lecture Quiz 38 C15-3-4

What are the oxidation numbers of the chlorine and oxygen atoms in the perchlorate ion (ClO4–)? Oxygen: [ Select ] 0 –1 –2 Chlorine: [ Select ] +5 0 +7 –1 +3

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Similar Questions

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