Which of the following has NOT been found in regards to the role of gender in health habits and behaviours?

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Let's walk through each option and evaluate what the literature typically shows about gender differences in health habits and behaviors.
Option A: 'The gender gap in rates of smoking in Canada has narrowed over time.' This statement aligns with longitudinal research in many high-income countries, where smoking rates have declined for both genders and the gap between men and women has decreased in some periods, though the magnitude of change can vary by cohort and region. The trend is generally supported by surveillance data, but the degree of narrowing is not perfectly uniform across time or subgroups.
Option B: 'On average, women are more likely than men to experience alcohol intoxication from the same amount of alcohol.' This reflects well-established pharmacokinetic and social/behavioral differences: women often reach higher blood alcohol concentrations with the same dose due to body composition (more body fat, less total body water) and metabolic differences, which can translate to greater intoxication effects on average. Therefore, this statement is consistent with a broad body of findings.
Option C: 'Men are more likely than women to use eat unhealthy diets and become overweight.' General population studies frequently show men reporting unhealthy dietary patterns and higher overweight/obesity rates in many contexts, though there is also evidence of women facing risks after certain dietary practices. Overall, the claim that men are more likely to have unhealthy eating patterns leading to overweight is commonly reported in health behavior research.
Option D: 'There is some evidence that gender differences in dieting appear in late adolescence or early adulthood.' Research on developmental trajectories often finds that gendered patterns in dieting and dieting-related concerns emerge or become more pronounced during adolescence and young adulthood, supporting this statement.
Option E: 'N/A. All of the above have been found.' This option asserts that every prior statement has been found in the literature. If the first four options reflect well-supported patterns across studies and populations, then this summative claim would be consistent with the overall pattern that multiple gender differences in health habits have been observed. However, the key question here is whether each individual claim has robust support across contexts; variability in cohorts, cultures, and measurement can affect the strength of some findings. In evaluating the listed options as a whole, one needs to consider whether any single item is not supported in some bodies of evidence. The possibility exists that one of the statements may be more contested or less consistently observed depending on the data source. Carefully comparing the nuances in each claim helps identify which option may not be consistently evidenced across research.

Note: This analysis presents each option with its reasoning and caveats, highlighting how researchers interpret gender differences in health behaviors. The final determination would depend on the specific body of evidence or the context of the question, but the reasoning above outlines the aspects that researchers typically consider when assessing the truth of each claim.

PSYC_V 314 923 2025SS Unit 2 Exam

Which of the following has NOT been found in regards to the role of gender in health habits and behaviours?

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