Which of the following events was highlighted as the first time that the U.S. specifically restricted immigration based on race?

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Let’s examine each option in turn to understand why it could or could not be the first instance of race-based immigration restriction in U.S. history.
Option 1: The Chinese Exclusion Act. This 1882 law explicitly barred Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States and was the first major federal law to target a specific racial group for immigration restriction. It marks a clear, race-based policy aimed at limiting a nationality’s entry, making it a strong candidate for the earliest such restriction.
Option 2: None of these. This would be a dismissal of all listed choices, but historically, there is a well-documented case—the Chinese Exclusion Act—that fits the criterion of race-based immigration restriction, so claiming none of these is historically accurate would be incorrect.
Option 3: The Native American Indian Act. The term here seems to mix up the Indian Act and U.S. policy; within U.S. history, federal policies toward Native peoples have involved removal, assimilation, and citizenship debates, but the Indian Act is a Canadian law. As a U.S. immigration restriction, this option does not describe a U.S. law restricting immigration based on race.
Option 4: The Naturalization Law. The Naturalization Act of 1790 restricted naturalization to white immigrants, not immigration itself, and it applied to who could become citizens rather than who could enter the country to live or work. While related to race and inclusion, it is about citizenship eligibility, not a direct race-based immigration entry ban, and thus does not fit the exact phrasing of "restrict immigration based on race" as early as 1790s policy.
Option 5: The Racial Purity Act. This name resembles mid-20th-century segregation-era legislation in some contexts, but there is no well-known, foundational U.S. federal immigration law by that exact title establishing race-based entry bans earlier than the 19th century. As such, it is unlikely to be the earliest instance described in the question.
Across these options, the most consistent match with the idea of the first explicit, race-based immigration restriction enacted by the federal government is the Chinese Exclusion Act, given its historical timing and purpose. The other choices either describe policies that are not primarily about immigration, pertain to different jurisdictions or eras, or mischaracterize the nature of the restriction in question.

COMM 3271 B02 Midterm Exam 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7

Which of the following events was highlighted as the first time that the U.S. specifically restricted immigration based on race?

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