Which of the following is an example of an ecological service provided by forests?

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Question restated: Which of the following is an example of an ecological service provided by forests?

Option 1: Fuelwood
- This is a provisioning service, meaning it is a tangible product obtained from the forest that humans can use directly for energy. It does not describe an ecological process or function provided by the forest ecosystem itself, which is why it’s not an ecological service category.

Option 2: Wood pulp
- Similar to fuelwood, wood pulp is a material produced from trees used in papermaking and other products. It represents an extractive, material benefit rather than an ecological function like nutrient cycling or habitat provision.

Option 3: Wildlife habitats
- This option describes a role the forest plays in supporting other species, providing shelter, breeding grounds, and biodiversity support. Creating and maintaining habitats is a fundamental ecological function of forests, aligning with the idea of ecosystem services that benefit ecological communities.

Option 4: Lumber
- Lumber is another provisioning output, a commercial product derived from trees. While economically important, it reflects a resource output rather than an ecological service or function the forest provides to the broader ecosystem.

Option 5: Jobs
- Jobs are an economic outcome associated with forestry activities or ecosystem management, not a direct ecological function of the forest itself. They relate to human use and governance rather than the ecosystem services the forest performs.

Summary perspective: Among the choices, options describing material products (fuelwood, wood pulp, lumber) and economic outcomes (jobs) reflect human-centered provisioning or socio-economic benefits. In contrast, wildlife habitats illustrate the forest's ecological role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological processes, which is the essence of ecological services.

11:375:101:91 INTRO ENV SCIENCE Exam #1

Which of the following is an example of an ecological service provided by forests?

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