When conducting an experiment and considering relative risk, it is best to consider:

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To begin, recall what relative risk measures: it compares the probability of a specified outcome occurring under different levels of an exposure. With that in mind, I’ll examine each option in turn.

Option 1: The marginal proportions of the explanatory variable. Marginal proportions summarize how often the exposure occurs overall, without regard to the outcome. Relative risk, however, concerns how the outcome varies across exposure groups, so using marginal exposure proportions does not capture the outcome probabilities conditioned on exposure and would not describe the risk ratio properly.

Option 2: The conditional proportions of the explanatory variable (i.e., conditioning on the levels of the explanatory variable). Conditioning on the levels of the explanatory variable would mean looking at how often the exposure occurs within strata of itself, which is tautological and does not provide any information about the relationship between exposure and outcome. This does not relate to estimating relative risk.

Option 3: The conditional proportions of the response variable (i.e., conditioning on the levels of the explanatory variable). This is exactly what relative risk uses: the probability of the outcome given exposure level, P(outcome | exposure). By comparing these conditional outcome probabilities across exposure groups, you obtain the relative risk.

Option 4: The marginal proportions of the response variable. Marginal outcome proportions ignore exposure and collapse across all exposure levels, losing the essential comparison between exposed and unexposed groups. Therefore, they cannot yield relative risk.

In summary, the correct approach for relative risk is to use the conditional proportions of the response variable, conditioned on the exposure level, because this directly compares outcome probabilities across exposure groups. The other options either ignore the conditioning on exposure or misuse what is being conditioned on, which leads to an inappropriate or incomplete measure of risk.

Su25-STATS-141-01/BIO-141-01 5.1 Exploration Readiness Quiz

When conducting an experiment and considering relative risk, it is best to consider:

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