What would be the information that Residual Plot would tell us for a good, estimated model? Choose the correct ones.

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When evaluating what Residual Plots tell us about a good, estimated model, we examine several diagnostic aspects that are commonly recommended in regression analysis.
Option a: 'The Residual plot can only tell us about the relationship of the model variables.' This is incomplete and misleading. Residual plots reveal more than just relationships between variables; they help assess assumptions about error behavior, such as randomness, homoscedasticity, and potential model misspecification.
Option b: 'The residuals should be randomly scattered without any obvious pattern.' This describes an ideal diagnostic outcome. A random scatter indicates that the model has captured the systematic structure, and there is no obvious pattern left in the errors, supporting model adequacy.
Option c: 'The residual plot is also expected to have a constant standard deviation.' This corresponds to the homoscedasticity assumption. If the residuals display roughly constant spread across fitted values, it suggests constant variance and a well-behaved error structure.
Option d: 'If there exist patterns, a linear model may not be appropriate or there may be important variables left out of our model.' This is a key diagnostic insight. Nonrandom patterns (like funnels, curves, or changing spread) signal potential model misspecification, such as nonlinearity, interactions, or omitted variables.

In sum, option a is not aligned with the diagnostic purpose of residual plots, while options b and c describe desirable features indicating good model fit, and option d highlights what patterns would imply about model adequacy and possible improvements.

MCD2080 - T1 - 2025 Lecture Lesson 2 (Week 8)

What would be the information that Residual Plot would tell us for a good, estimated model? Choose the correct ones.

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