What is the largest potential source to future sea level rise?

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Here is a breakdown of each option to understand their impact on future sea level rise.
Option 1: Thermal expansion. This occurs when seawater warms and expands, increasing volume. While its contribution to sea level rise is real and has already been significant in the past century, it is generally smaller than the potential rise from melting land-based ice on ice sheets. So, although important, thermal expansion is not the dominant source among the listed options.
Option 2: Melting of Arctic sea ice. Arctic sea ice is floating on the ocean, so when it melts, it does not add new water to the ocean and therefore does not raise sea level in the same way as melting land ice. Some climate dynamics could affect ocean circulation, but the direct contribution of Arctic sea ice melt to sea level rise is effectively negligible compared with land-ice processes.
Option 3: Melting of ice sheets. Ice sheets reside on land (Greenland and Antarctica). When these sheets lose mass, their water flows into the oceans, directly raising sea levels. This process represents the largest potential source of future sea level rise among the options, and model projections consistently identify ice-sheet melt as the dominant driver of large-scale sea-level increases under warming scenarios.
In summary, while all three processes contribute to sea level change to varying degrees, Arctic sea ice melt has little to no direct effect on sea level, thermal expansion contributes but is typically smaller in magnitude, and melt from ice sheets represents the most substantial potential rise in the future.

OCEAN 102 A Checking-In Quiz: Lecture 06

What is the largest potential source to future sea level rise?

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