You are writing a SELECT query and you need to filter rows out of the result set based on the result of an aggregate predicate.

Which clause of the SELECT query should you put the predicate in?

Question

You are writing a SELECT query and you need to filter rows out of the result set based on the result of an aggregate predicate.

Which clause of the SELECT query should you put the predicate in?

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When filtering rows based on the result of an aggregate predicate, we must consider where aggregate calculations are performed in SQL and where their conditions can be applied.
Option: ORDER BY. This clause determines the sort order of the result set. It cannot filter rows based on aggregate values; it only arranges the output after filtering has occurred. Therefore, using ORDER BY for an aggregate predicate would not achieve the filtering goal and would be inappropriate for restricting rows.
Option: GROUP BY. This clause groups rows into summary rows for aggregate calculations. While it is involved in aggregation, it is not the place to apply a filter on the aggregated results themselves. GROUP BY defines how rows are aggregated, but the filtering condition on the aggregate result belongs elsewhere, so this is not the correct location for an aggregate predicate.
Option: WHERE. The WHERE clause filters rows before any aggregation takes place. It operates on individual row values, not on the results of aggregate computations. If you try to filter on an aggregate result using WHERE, the condition may be evaluated before the aggregation, leading to incorrect behavior or errors. Therefore, this is not suitable for aggregate-based predicates.
Option: HAVING. The HAVING clause is specifically designed to filter groups after aggregation has been performed, allowing conditions to reference aggregate values (such as SUM, AVG, COUNT, etc.). This is the correct mechanism to apply a predicate on the result of an aggregate operation and filter the final result set accordingly.
In summary, the only clause that supports filtering after aggregation by evaluating aggregate results is HAVING, making it the appropriate choice for an aggregate predicate.

IS 4420-301 Summer 2025 COMPLETE: Quiz 7 - DML & SELECT Queries

You are writing a SELECT query and you need to filter rows out of the result set based on the result of an aggregate predicate. Which clause of the SELECT query should you put the predicate in?

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