The null hypothesis is

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When formulating hypotheses in a typical sleep hours study, the null hypothesis (H0) usually states that there is no effect or no difference from a specified standard. 
Option 1: 'The population mean sleep hours for students is eight hours.' This aligns with H0 by asserting that the true mean equals the specified benchmark (eight hours). It expresses equality, which is the hallmark of a null hypothesis in many tests of a single population mean.
Option 2: 'The population mean sleep hours for students is different than eight hours.' This expresses a discrepancy from the standard, which is the alternative hypothesis (H1) in most one-mean tests; assuming the null is a specific value, this would not be the null.
Option 3: 'The population mean sleep hours for male students is the same as for female students.' This is a statement about a comparison between groups (μ_male = μ_female). It could be a null for a two-sample test, but it does not state a reference value for a single population mean; it targets equality between two subpopulations rather than a fixed benchmark.
Option 4: 'The population mean sleep hours for male students is different than for female students.' This also concerns a between-group comparison (μ_male ≠ μ_female). Like option 3, it represents a statement about two groups rather than a specified population mean against a standard value, so it fits a different kind of hypothesis test.
In the standard single-mean framework with a benchmark of eight hours, the statement that the population mean equals eight hours is the appropriate null hypothesis.

Su25-STATS-141-01/BIO-141-01 6 Readiness Quiz

The null hypothesis is

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