Movement of the lower limbs is tracked using Blank 1 Question 4[select: , retro-reflective, transparent, cardinal, joint] markers to obtain the position and orientation of body segments in 3D space, which is used to create a biomechanical model of the individual

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The question asks us to fill Blank 1 in the sentence: 'Movement of the lower limbs is tracked using Blank 1 markers to obtain the position and orientation of body segments in 3D space, which is used to create a biomechanical model of the individual.' The possible dropdown options are: retro-reflective, transparent, cardinal, joint.

Option 1: retro-reflective. This is the correct choice. In motion capture and gait analysis, systems typically use markers that are reflective so an optical tracking setup (cameras) can detect their 3D positions. These markers are described as retro-reflective because they reflect infrared light back to the cameras, enabling accurate tracking of the limb segments in three dimensions. This directly supports constructing a biomechanical model from position and orientation data.

Option 2: transparent. Markers described as transparent would imply visibility or detectability by sensors, which is not how optical motion capture works. Transparent markers would not provide distinct, trackable reflections, so this option would not allow precise reconstruction of movement.

Option 3: cardinal. The term 'cardinal markers' is not a standard descriptor in motion capture taxonomy. Cardinal directions or cardinal landmarks might be used conceptually, but markers used for tracking are not called 'cardinal markers' in biomechanics literature, making this option inappropriate.

Option 4: joint. While markers are often placed on anatomical landmarks or regions around joints, the markers themselves are not referred to as 'joint markers' in a way that distinguishes a functional type of marker. The phrase 'joint markers' could be misleading, as markers are simply markers; the key feature enabling tracking is that they are detectable by the system, i.e., retro-reflective markers. Therefore, this option does not correctly identify the tracking markers as used for 3D pose reconstruction in biomechanics.

Overall, the best and standard fit for Blank 1 is retro-reflective markers, which align with the established practice of optical motion capture for determining position and orientation of body segments to build a biomechanical model.

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Movement of the lower limbs is tracked using Blank 1 Question 4[select: , retro-reflective, transparent, cardinal, joint] markers to obtain the position and orientation of body segments in 3D space, which is used to create a biomechanical model of the individual

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