The key independent variable manipulated in both the laboratory and audit studies of the research article assigned for today (Correll, Benard, and In Paik's "Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?") was:

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To understand the experimental setup in Correll, Benard, and Paik's study, we need to identify what the researchers actively varied across experimental conditions.

Option 1: 'Gender of applicant' — In this study, the researchers did not randomly assign or vary the applicant's gender as the primary manipulated variable. Instead, gender may have been controlled or balanced to avoid confounding, but it was not the key independent variable under investigation. Therefore, this option misstates what was experimentally changed to test the main question about the motherhood penalty.

Option 2: 'Job qualifications' — While job qualifications are often described in real-world hiring considerations, the classic experimental design in this paper kept qualifications constant across conditions to isolate the effect of parental status. If qualifications had varied, it would be difficult to attribute any observed differences to motherhood status alone. Thus, this option is incorrect as the IV was not the varying qualification level.

Option 3: 'Parental status' — This is the central variable manipulated in the study. The researchers created resumes for otherwise identical applicants differing only in whether the applicant was portrayed as a mother or a non-mother, examining the impact on hiring decisions. This manipulation directly tests the motherhood penalty and is the intended independent variable.

Option 4: 'Work experience' — Similar to qualifications, work experience would be a characteristic kept constant across conditions to ensure that any treatment effect could be attributed to parental status rather than differences in experience. The study did not use work experience as the manipulated variable.

In summary, the critical feature of the design is that all other factors were held constant while parental status was varied to observe its effect on hiring outcomes. The remaining options describe attributes that researchers typically control for or consider but do not constitute the manipulated independent variable in this specific study.

SOC150H1 S LEC0101/2001 Week 9 Quiz: Experiments

The key independent variable manipulated in both the laboratory and audit studies of the research article assigned for today (Correll, Benard, and In Paik's "Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?") was:

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