Question at position 26 In a Unix/ Linux operating system a child process whose parent exits is called an orphan process and will be immediately adopted by the init system process. This means that the kernel sets the parent of the orphaned process to init. This operation is called re-parenting and occurs automatically. However, this re-parenting case does not apply to any orphaned thread, i.e. if the main thread in a process exits, all related threads will terminate. TrueFalse

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Question at position 26 In a Unix/ Linux operating system a child process whose parent exits is called an orphan process and will be immediately adopted by the init system process. This means that the kernel sets the parent of the orphaned process to init. This operation is called re-parenting and occurs automatically. However, this re-parenting case does not apply to any orphaned thread, i.e. if the main thread in a process exits, all related threads will terminate. TrueFalse

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question centers on what happens if a parent process terminates and how orphan processes are handled, and then contrasts that with threads within a process.
Option 1: True. The first part is accurate: in Unix-like systems, when a process’s parent dies, the kernel adopts the orphaned child process to the init process (pid 1). This automatic re-parenting is a standard behavior to ensure proper parentage and signal handling for the child.
Regarding the second part, there is no concept of an "orphaned thread" in the same sense as an orphaned process. Threads belong to the same process space; they share the same PID and the lifecycle of the process governs all threads. If the main thread exits, the typical behavior is that the entire process is terminated and all its threads terminate as well, unless the code explicitly uses mechanisms like pthread_exit in main to keep the process alive for other threads. In practice, when the main thread exits in a process, the process ends and other threads are terminated, so the notion of re-parenting not applying to an orphaned thread aligns with the idea that threads are not independently orphaned in the same way as separate processes. Thus, the statement that this re-parenting case does not apply to any orphaned thread, and that all related threads terminate when the main thread exits, is consistent with standard behavior.
Option 2: False. This would imply that either or both components of the statement are incorrect. If the kernel did not re-parent an orphaned process to init, or if orphaned threads behaved differently (i.e., could continue running independently after the main thread exits), then this option would be valid. However, neither of those departures from behavior aligns with typical Unix/Linux semantics described above, making this option inaccurate.
In summary, the correct understanding is that orphan processes are adopted by init automatically (re-parenting), and there is no separate concept of orphaned threads behaving independently; when the main thread exits, the process generally terminates along with its other threads.

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