Question at position 21 Professor Galang wants to compare the average grades of three different teaching methods (traditional, flipped classroom, and online) used in a class of 90 students. Which statistical test would best determine whether the teaching methods produce different results?One-way ANOVAPaired t-testPearson correlationChi-square test

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To determine which statistical test best compares the average grades across three teaching methods, we first restate the setup: 90 students, each exposed to one of three teaching methods (traditional, flipped classroom, online), and we want to see if the method affects the average grade.

Option 1: One-way ANOVA
This is the correct choice for comparing means across more than two independent groups when you have one independent categorical factor (teaching method) with three levels and a continuous outcome (grade). It tests the null hypothesis that the group means are equal. Since there are three methods and presumably independent groups of students, one-way ANOVA is the standard approach.

Option 2: Paired t-test
A paired t-test compares means from the same subjects under two conditions or from matched pairs. It is designed for dependent samples or repeated measures. In this scenario, with three distinct teaching methods, a paired t-test would require each student to experience all three methods in a paired or repeated-measures design, which is not indicated. Therefore this is not appropriate for comparing three independent groups.

Option 3: Pearson correlation
Pearson correlation assesses the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two continuous variables. It does not compare group means across more than two groups. Since the research question concerns differences in average grades across three methods rather than a relationship between two variables, this option is unsuitable.

Option 4: Chi-square test
Chi-square tests are used for categorical data to examine associations between categorical variables or to test goodness-of-fit. Grades are typically treated as continuous or ordinal data, not categorical counts in a contingency table, so a chi-square test is not appropriate here.

In summary, the one-way ANOVA is the appropriate test because it compares means across three independent groups defined by the teaching method, addressing whether at least one method leads to a different average grade. The other options either assume paired/related samples, assess relationships between variables, or apply to categorical data, none of which fit this study design.

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