Question at position 18 In the major ocean gyres, the cooler currents are_________.northern boundary currentswestern boundary currentsequatorial currentseastern boundary currents

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The question asks about the temperature characteristics of currents in the major ocean gyres and provides four positional options to choose from.
Option 1: 'northern boundary currents' — In the standard gyre model, the northern boundary currents are part of the cooler boundary that brings cooler water from higher latitudes toward the gyre center, but in the global context of dominant gyre circulation, they are not typically labeled as the cooler edge; this option is incomplete without specifying the latitudinal hemisphere, making it an imprecise descriptor for the gyre system.
Option 2: 'western boundary currents' — These are the strong, warm currents on the western sides of ocean basins (for example, the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, the Kuroshio in the North Pacific). Their hallmark is rapid, warm water transport toward higher latitudes, which makes them characteristic of warming rather than cooling. This contradicts the notion of cooler boundary currents in the major gyres, so this choice does not describe the cooler edge.
Option 3: 'equatorial currents' — Equatorial currents run near the equator and are influenced by the trade winds; they are not specifically the cooler edge of the gyres. They are relatively slow and can be influenced by upwelling and the warm pool dynamics, but they are not the defining feature of the cooler boundary of the gyre system, so this option is not the best descriptor for the cooler portion.
Option 4: 'eastern boundary currents' — These currents form the cooler, shallow, broad-flow edges on the eastern sides of gyres (for example, the California Current off western North America and the Humboldt Current off South America). They bring relatively cooler water from higher latitudes toward the equator and are associated with upwelling and lower temperatures compared with the western boundaries. This aligns with the standard description of the cooler boundary in major gyres.
Across options, the key distinction hinges on whether a boundary current is typically cooler (eastern boundary) or warmer (western boundary). The temperate and upwelling-favorable eastern boundaries are the classic source of cooler waters, whereas the western boundaries are known for their heat transport and strong, warm currents. By comparing these characteristics, the best fit for the description of the cooler currents in major ocean gyres is the eastern boundary currents.

Question at position 18 In the major ocean gyres, the cooler currents are_________.northern boundary currentswestern boundary currentsequatorial currentseastern boundary currents

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