In wealthy countries such as New Zealand, the most common nutritional imbalance associated with poverty is

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The question asks about the most common nutritional imbalance linked to poverty in wealthy countries like New Zealand.
First, consider each option in turn to evaluate how well it fits the typical pattern seen in high-income settings with poverty.
Option a: Vitamin A deficiency. In high-income countries, vitamin A deficiency is uncommon due to overall diet diversity, food fortification, and access to a range of foods, so this is unlikely to be the most prevalent issue linked to poverty there.
Option b: Obesity. Despite wealth and food abundance, poverty in wealthy nations is strongly associated with higher obesity rates. Food insecurity can lead to cycles of low-cost, energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods, limited access to healthy options, and stress, all contributing to obesity. This makes obesity a plausible and common nutritional imbalance in these settings.
Option c: Thiamine deficiency. Beriberi due to thiamine deficiency is rare in industrialized countries where refined grains and cereals are fortified, and overall caloric intake is usually sufficient. Poverty does not typically translate into widespread thiamine deficiency in such contexts, making this option unlikely.
Option d: Lack of essential fatty acids. While imbalances in essential fatty acids can occur, they are not the typical or most common nutritional imbalance associated with poverty in wealthy countries; they are less prevalent compared to obesity driven by dietary patterns and economic constraints.
In summary, the contrast between the general abundance of calories and nutrients and the poorer diet quality among impoverished populations in wealthier nations points most strongly toward obesity as the common nutritional imbalance, rather than deficiencies listed in the other options. The other options describe deficiencies that are uncommon in high-income settings due to fortification, diverse food availability, and overall higher baseline intake.

In wealthy countries such as New Zealand, the most common nutritional imbalance associated with poverty is

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