Ayumu’s number task performance shows that non-human primates;

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Question restatement: Ayumu’s number task performance shows that non-human primates; 
Answer options: 
- have smaller memory capacity than humans 
- are capable of language processing 
- are capable of symbolic number processing 
- are capable of basic arithmetic

Proceeding to analyze each option:
Option 1: 'have smaller memory capacity than humans' — This statement does not directly address Ayumu’s performance on number tasks that is being discussed. While memory capacity is a factor in many cognitive tasks, the key finding from Ayumu’s studies is about numerical competence beyond simple memory capacity, and the claim here overgeneralizes to memory without tying it to the specific number processing task. Therefore, this option misattributes the core implication of the observed performance.
Option 2: 'are capable of language processing' — Non-human primates have been shown to understand and use a limited set of symbolic communications or learn aspects of symbolic communication, but Ayumu’s number task performance is about numerical processing rather than linguistic processing. Claiming language processing capabilities as the conclusion of this task overstates what the data show and conflates different cognitive domains.
Option 3: 'are capable of symbolic number processing' — This aligns with the core finding often highlighted in studies of Ayumu the chimpanzee, where non-human primates demonstrate the ability to process symbols representing numbers and perform tasks indicating symbolic number understanding. This option correctly captures the essence of the observed capability to manipulate and interpret symbolic numerical information, which is the central takeaway of such experiments.
Option 4: 'are capable of basic arithmetic' — While some studies suggest non-human primates can perform simple numerical operations, the specific claim typically associated with Ayumu’s number task is about symbolic number processing rather than performing arithmetic operations that involve explicit calculation or rules. The term 'basic arithmetic' implies an abstract manipulation of number in a manner that goes beyond the typical symbolic-number tasks described in this context, making this option a less precise characterization of Ayumu’s results.

In summary, option 3 correctly identifies the primary implication of Ayumu’s number task performance, namely the capability for symbolic number processing in non-human primates, while the other options either misstate the cognitive domain involved (language processing), misattribute the cognitive emphasis (memory capacity), or overstate the level of numerical competence (basic arithmetic).

PSYC30018_2025_SM1 Mid Semester Test: Neuroscience and the Mind (PSYC30018_2025_SM1) - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

Ayumu’s number task performance shows that non-human primates;

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