Which of the above compounds will react most SLOWLY in a nucleophilic addition reaction?

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The question asks which compound will react most SLOWLY in a nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl.

Option A: This structure appears to be a simple carbonyl with minimal substitution (an aldehyde or a very small ketone). Less steric hindrance means the nucleophile can approach the carbonyl carbon more easily, so this would generally react relatively quickly.

Option B: This structure shows more alkyl substitution around the carbonyl carbon than A, increasing steric hindrance somewhat. Nucleophilic approach is more hindered than A, so the reaction is slower than for A but not the slowest overall.

Option C: This appears to be another small carbonyl (likely an aldehyde such as acetaldehyde) with limited steric bulk. Like A, low steric hindrance usually leads to relatively fast nucleophilic attack, so it would be faster than more hindered ketones.

Option D: This molecule is the most sterically congested around the carbonyl carbon (a highly substituted ketone). The bulky groups around the carbonyl hinder the nucleophile’s approach, significantly reducing the rate of nucleophilic addition compared with the other options. Therefore, this structure will react the slowest.

In summary, increased steric hindrance around the carbonyl slows nucleophilic addition, and among A, B, C, and D, D is the most hindered, making it the slowest reactor for nucleophilic addition.

CHEM 110 Lecture Quiz Week 8

Which of the above compounds will react most SLOWLY in a nucleophilic addition reaction?

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