A _________ mutation changes a codon that specifies an amino acid into one that terminates translation.

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Question restatement: A _________ mutation changes a codon that specifies an amino acid into one that terminates translation.

Option 1: missense. A missense mutation alters the codon so it codes for a different amino acid, but it does not create a stop signal to end translation. This means the protein may be altered but translation continues through the normal stop codon, so this choice does not describe termination.

Option 2: reverse. This term is not a standard descriptor for a mutation type in molecular genetics. It does not convey the concept of changing a codon to a stop signal, and is generally not used to classify point mutations.

Option 3: nonsense. A nonsense mutation converts an amino acid–coding codon into a stop codon, causing translation to terminate prematurely. This directly fits the idea of a codon that terminates translation, aligning with the definition of this mutation type.

Option 4: silent. A silent mutation changes a codon so that it still encodes the same amino acid, leaving the protein sequence unchanged. It does not introduce a stop codon or terminate translation.

Option 5: neutral. This term is not a standard designation for a mutation type in this context and does not specifically describe conversion to a stop signal or termination of translation.

Summary of reasoning: Among the options, the one that describes converting an amino acid codon into a stop codon, thereby terminating translation, corresponds to the biological concept of a nonsense mutation. The other options describe different mutation outcomes or are nonstandard terms and do not involve the introduction of a stop codon.

BIOL_2004_81774_202509 Homework 4

A _________ mutation changes a codon that specifies an amino acid into one that terminates translation.

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