"If body 'A' exerts a force on body 'B', body 'B' exerts an equal and opposite force on body 'A'" is a statement of

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The prompt presents a classic principle from physics about forces between interacting bodies, so we evaluate each option in turn.
Option 1: Kepler's first law of planetary motion. This law describes the orbit of planets around the sun as ellipses with the sun at one focus. It governs celestial motion and does not address the pairwise forces between two colliding or interacting bodies. Therefore, this choice is incorrect as it misapplies orbital mechanics to a contact force scenario.
Option 2: Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty. This principle states that certain pairs of physical properties, like position and momentum, cannot be simultaneously known to arbitrary precision. It relates to measurement limits at the quantum level and has nothing to do with the action-reaction forces between two bodies. Thus, this option is not correct for describing inter-body force pairs.
Option 3: the theory of relativity. Relativity encompasses special and general theories about spacetime, motion at high speeds, and gravitation in curved spacetime. While it broadens our understanding of physics, it does not specifically state that forces between two bodies are equal and opposite; that precise claim is outside its core statement. Therefore this option is not the correct description of the given statement.
Option 4: Galileo's theory of motion. Galileo contributed to foundational ideas about inertia and motion, such as uniform motion and the observation that forces cause changes in motion. However, the specific assertion about equal and opposite forces between two bodies is not a historical formulation attributed to Galileo; it is more precisely captured by later Newtonian mechanics. Hence this choice is not the correct label for the given statement.
Option 5: Newton's third law of motion. This law precisely states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction: if body A exerts a force on body B, B simultaneously exerts a force of equal magnitude in the opposite direction on A. This matches the exact wording of the prompt, making this the correct conceptual description of the statement.

ASTRON 2140 AU2025 (23428) Final - 2025 Dec 12

"If body 'A' exerts a force on body 'B', body 'B' exerts an equal and opposite force on body 'A'" is a statement of

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