Which statement is TRUE regarding network protocols?

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Question: Which statement is TRUE regarding network protocols?

Option a: 'They are only required for exchange of messages between devices on remote networks' This is incorrect because network protocols are needed for communication on all network segments, including local networks, not just remote ones. Protocols govern how data is formatted, addressed, and transmitted regardless of distance, so limiting their necessity to remote networks is a false restriction.

Option b: 'All data are encapsulated only in the network access layer of TCP/IP' This is not accurate. In TCP/IP, data is encapsulated across multiple layers (link/network access, internet, transport, and application). The statement wrongly implies encapsulation occurs only in one layer, which ignores the layered model and how data moves through several layers with appropriate headers at each boundary.

Option c: 'They define rules of how messages are exchanged between the source and the destination' This is correct. Network protocols establish the rules and conventions for communication, including how messages are formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received between a sender (source) and a receiver (destination). This encompasses sequencing, error handling, flow control, and other interactions essential to successful communication.

Option d: 'Network protocols define the type of hardware that is used and how it is mounted in racks' This is inaccurate. Protocols address communication behavior, not the physical characteristics or mounting of hardware. Hardware selection and physical installation are governed by hardware standards, data center design, and vendor specifications, not by protocol rules.

Summary: Analyzing each option shows that only option c correctly describes the role of network protocols in enabling message exchange between source and destination, while the other statements misstate scope, layering, or physical aspects.

Introduction to Networking (CT043-3-1-IN-25-RESIT)

Which statement is TRUE regarding network protocols?

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