Question at position 35 Which of the following describes a survival advantage?A mutation in a gene for lactase that makes humans get diarrhea every time they have lactose.A mutation in the gene for amylase that allows humans to metabolize starches from plants without getting sick.A mutation in a gene for beak length that shortens a woodpecker's beak and limits its ability to obtain food.A mutation in a gene for eyesight that does not change eyesight.Clear my selection

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question at position 35 asks which scenario describes a survival advantage.
Option 1: 'A mutation in the gene for lactase that makes humans get diarrhea every time they have lactose.' This would be detrimental, not advantageous, because diarrhea reduces fitness by compromising nutrient absorption and health.
Option 2: 'A mutation in the gene for amylase that allows humans to metabolize starches from plants without getting sick.' This presents a clear survival advantage: better ability to process a common carbohydrate source without adverse effects could improve energy acquisition and survival, especially in starch-rich environments.
Option 3: 'A mutation in a gene for beak length that shortens a woodpecker's beak and limits its ability to obtain food.' A shorter beak that reduces food acquisition would likely lower feeding efficiency and survival, making it a disadvantage rather than an advantage in most ecological contexts.
Option 4: 'A mutation in a gene for eyesight that does not change eyesight.' A mutation with no change in phenotype typically has no impact on fitness; it is neutral, not providing a survival advantage.
In summary, the only option presenting a beneficial change that could improve an organism’s ability to obtain and process essential resources is Option 2, while the others describe effects that would hinder survival or are neutral.

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