Which of the following muscles acts under voluntary control?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: Which of the following muscles acts under voluntary control?

Option 1: 'muscle of the stomach wall' — The muscles here are smooth muscles that line the stomach and are controlled involuntarily by the autonomic nervous system. This makes this option incorrect for voluntary control.

Option 2: 'muscle in the wall of the heart' — The heart is made of cardiac muscle, whose activity is intrinsic and regulated by specialized conduction pathways; it is not under conscious, voluntary control. This option is therefore incorrect for voluntary control.

Option 3: 'muscle that extends the elbow' — This refers to skeletal muscles such as the triceps brachii, which are attached to bones and innervated by motor neurons enabling voluntary movements. This option correctly represents a muscle under voluntary control.

Option 4: 'muscle in the bladder wall' — The bladder wall contains smooth muscle that contracts involuntarily as part of autonomic nervous system regulation to expel urine, not subject to voluntary control. This option is incorrect for voluntary control.

Summary of reasoning: The key distinction lies in muscle types. Skeletal muscles (like those extending the elbow) are under conscious control, whereas smooth and cardiac muscles (stomach wall, heart, bladder wall) operate involuntarily. Therefore, the only option that aligns with voluntary motor control is the muscle that extends the elbow.

Which of the following muscles acts under voluntary control?

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