Research on affectively laden decisions has found that people are more likely to make harsher moral judgments when they are made to feel which emotion?

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When evaluating research on affectively laden decisions, we examine how different emotions bias moral judgments and the conditions under which harsher judgments arise.
Option 1: anger. While anger can influence moral evaluations in some contexts, the established pattern for harsher moral condemnation in affectively charged decisions is more consistently linked to other emotions that signal contamination or violation concepts, rather than anger alone.
Option 2: fear. Fear tends to prioritize caution and risk avoidance, potentially leading to moral hesitation or restraint in some cases, but it does not reliably produce the strongest shift toward harsher moral judgments in the affective literature as commonly described.
Option 3: disgust. Disgust is the emotion most repeatedly associated with amplified moral condemnation, particularly for violations related to purity, contamination, or violations of social norms. Experimental work shows that inducing disgust can lead people to judge acts as more immoral and to apply harsher penalties, even in cases where the moral violation is not severe by objective standards.
Option 4: sadness. Sadness generally relates to sympathy and defensive withdrawal, and while it can modulate judgment in certain scenarios, it is not the emotion most consistently shown to elevate harsh moral judgments across affective decision studies.

Putting this together, the option that aligns with the core finding—affectively laden decisions prompting harsher moral judgments when a particular emotion is felt—is the one involving disgust, due to its association with purity violations and strong reproach signals in moral cognition.

In summary, the reasoning behind the candidates is as follows: disgust uniquely corresponds to heightened moral condemnation in affectively charged contexts, whereas anger, fear, and sadness produce different or more context-dependent patterns of judgment, not the same robust shift toward harsher moral verdicts observed with disgust.

Research on affectively laden decisions has found that people are more likely to make harsher moral judgments when they are made to feel which emotion?

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