What causes the increase in mitochondrial enzymes with aerobic training?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks what causes the rise in mitochondrial enzymes that is observed with aerobic training.
First, consider the biology: aerobic training stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, meaning the cells increase both the number and sometimes the size of mitochondria. This expansion provides more internal space and capacity for oxidative enzymes to be expressed and reside within the mitochondria, leading to higher mitochondrial enzyme content and activity.
The provided option states: 'Increase in number or size of mitochondria.' This aligns with the core mechanism of training-induced adaptations, since more mitochondria and/or larger mitochondria create more sites for oxidative enzymes (e.g., citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase) to be present and functional. Therefore, the observed increase in mitochondrial enzymes is a consequence of mitochondrial biogenesis and hypertrophy at the organelle level.
If there were alternative options, one might consider factors like upregulation of specific transcriptional pathways (e.g., PGC-1α) or enhanced enzyme synthesis independent of organelle growth. While those are related processes, they ultimately tie back to increasing mitochondrial content and capacity, which the given option encapsulates by mentioning number or size changes.
In summary, aerobic training promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in more mitochondria or larger mitochondria, which in turn raises the amount and activity of mitochondrial enzymes.

KNHES 3415 SP2025 (14442) Exam 3

What causes the increase in mitochondrial enzymes with aerobic training?

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