What does Lyubomirsky describe as “mindfulness”?

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Question: What does Lyubomirsky describe as “mindfulness”?

Option 1: 'Focusing the life you want' — This wording suggests planning or visualizing a desired life, but mindfulness, as discussed by Lyubomirsky, centers on awareness of the present moment rather than goal-directed life design. Therefore this option misstates the core idea.

Option 2: 'Focusing on happy thoughts' — While mindfulness can influence mood, Lyubomirsky’s framing of mindfulness emphasizes present-moment awareness rather than limiting attention to only happy thoughts. This option narrows mindfulness to a positive thought content, which is not the standard definition she uses.

Option 3: 'Focusing on the present moment' — This aligns with the common scholarly description of mindfulness as nonjudgmental, deliberate attention to current experiences as they unfold. Lyubomirsky treats mindfulness as awareness of the here and now, making this the correct interpretation.

Option 4: 'Focusing on your surroundings' — This emphasizes environmental attention, which is only a part of present-moment awareness in mindfulness but misses the essential emphasis on internal experiences (thoughts, feelings, sensations) in Lyubomirsky’s definition. This makes it an incomplete or inaccurate portrayal.

In summary, the best match to Lyubomirsky’s concept of mindfulness is option 3, since it captures the central idea of sustaining attentive awareness in the present moment, rather than directing focus to imagined life outcomes, only happy thoughts, or solely external surroundings.

Accelerated ELL Writing 3 | The How of Happiness Quiz: Chapter 7

What does Lyubomirsky describe as “mindfulness”?

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