Question at position 59 metaphysics; Socratesepistemology; Aristotlemetaphysics; Aristotleepistemology; Pythagorasmetaphysics; Pythagoras

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The prompt presents a multiple‑choice item where the central pairing is between a branch of philosophy and a philosopher. We should assess each option in terms of who is associated with metaphysics or epistemology.
Option 1: "metaphysics; Socrates". Socrates is primarily connected with ethical inquiry and epistemological method (the examined life, dialectic), but not traditionally tied to metaphysical systems in the way Aristotle is. This pair mismatches the canonical association most students learn about metaphysics.
Option 2: "epistemology; Aristotle". While Aristotle does contribute to epistemology, his better‑known landmark work is in metaphysics (substance, causes, form) and natural philosophy. This choice shifts the emphasis away from his more central metaphysical contributions.
Option 3: "metaphysics; Aristotle". This pairing aligns with the well-established view that Aristotle made foundational contributions to metaphysics, including discussions of substance, form, matter, and causation, making this the strongest and most accurate match among the options.
Option 4: "epistemology; Pythagoras". Pythagoras is primarily associated with mathematics, numbers, and mysticism in early Greek thought, rather than a systematic epistemology. The combination here is historically and philosophically weak.
Option 5: "metaphysics; Pythagoras". While Pythagoras is linked to metaphysical ideas in some traditions, he is not the canonical figure most closely tied to metaphysical systems in the standard pedagogy; Aristotle is the archetypal metaphysician in the early history of Western philosophy.
In sum, the only option that correctly pairs metaphysics with the philosopher most traditionally associated with formal metaphysical theory is Option 3, "metaphysics; Aristotle". The other options misattribute either the branch (epistemology instead of metaphysics) or the central historical figure, leading to historical or conceptual inaccuracies.

Question at position 59 metaphysics; Socratesepistemology; Aristotlemetaphysics; Aristotleepistemology; Pythagorasmetaphysics; Pythagoras

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