Although some theories of dreaming suggest that the contents of dreams are arbitrary and meaningless, modern research suggests that dream contents reflect:

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The question asks what modern dream research suggests dream contents reflect. 
Option 1: 'striving for self-actualization.' This aligns with Maslow's hierarchy more than with contemporary dream research, which does not characterize dreams as primarily expressing self-actualization goals. 
Option 2: 'connections being formed in memory.' This matches current neuroscientific and cognitive perspectives, which see dreams as involving memory consolidation, integration of new information, and strengthening or forming connections during sleep. 
Option 3: 'disguised unconscious wishes.' This is a Freudian view that emphasizes latent content and symbolic meaning, which is not the dominant interpretation in modern dream research. 
Option 4: 'the collective unconscious.' This Jungian concept posits shared archetypes across humanity, which is not supported as a direct reflectance of dream content in contemporary empirical findings. 
Option 5: 'memories the brain is eliminating to increase efficiency.' This is not a standard or supported description of dream content; dream content is not generally framed as selective elimination of memories for efficiency. 
Thus, among the choices, the statement most consistent with modern research is that dreams reflect the process of connections being formed in memory, through consolidation and integration during sleep.

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Although some theories of dreaming suggest that the contents of dreams are arbitrary and meaningless, modern research suggests that dream contents reflect:

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