A good night's sleep is most likely to improve exam grades by supporting the process of

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Consider the question: a good night’s sleep is most likely to improve exam grades by supporting the process of. 
Option a: tunnel vision memory. This term is not a standard cognitive psychology concept for how sleep affects memory or learning; it sounds like a misnomer or invented phrase, so it’s not an accurate description.
Option b: mood-congruent memory. While mood can influence memory retrieval in some contexts, sleep’s primary documented effect relevant to exam performance is on memory stabilization and consolidation, not specifically mood-related recall during retrieval.
Option c: priming. Priming refers to improved processing of a stimulus due to prior exposure, often automatic and outside conscious awareness. Sleep’s role is not typically described as primarily enhancing priming effects in the context of studying for tests.
Option d: memory consolidation. This is the well-supported concept: sleep helps stabilize and reorganize newly learned information, transferring it from fragile short-term representations to more durable long-term memories, which directly supports better recall and exam performance.
In summary, among the listed options, memory consolidation best captures the scientifically established link between sleep and improved test grades, whereas the other terms describe processes that are not the primary mechanism by which sleep boosts academic performance.

PSY 200 (003) Fall 2025 Introduction to Psychology (TR, 1:30pm)

A good night's sleep is most likely to improve exam grades by supporting the process of

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