Which of the following is true about the effects of undernutrition in poor countries?

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Question focus: the effects of undernutrition in poor countries.
Option A: 'Calcium and vitamin D deficiency can contribute to reduced immune function.' This statement mixes a plausible idea—vitamin D deficiency can affect immune function—with a less central point about calcium. Calcium deficiency is not typically framed as a key driver of reduced immune function, whereas vitamin D has a more established (though still nuanced) role in immunity. Because the question targets broader, population-level effects of undernutrition rather than specific micronutrient–immune links, this option is weaker and less comprehensive than the best-supported choice.
Option B: 'Nutritional deficiencies can enhance optimal physical and mental performance.' This is incorrect. Nutritional deficiencies generally impair physical and cognitive performance, not enhance it. The surface claim contradicts well-established evidence on the consequences of undernutrition, making this option clearly false.
Option C: 'Symptoms of underweight rarely result in nutritional deficiencies.' This is inaccurate. Underweight status (or chronic undernutrition) is itself a manifestation of nutritional deficiency and is often accompanied by multiple micronutrient shortages. Saying it rarely results in deficiencies ignores the close link between underweight and broader nutrient gaps, so this option is misleading.
Option D: 'People in underdeveloped countries often have greater nutrient requirements to combat infectious disease and parasites.' This is the strongest and most accurate statement. Undernutrition in areas with high infectious disease burden increases energy and micronutrient needs; the body requires more nutrients to fight infections and cope with parasitic loads. This framing aligns with public health understanding that deficiency prevalence is amplified where disease burden is high, making recovery and maintenance more demanding nutritionally.

2025SP-FSHN-150-001 Module 13 - Quiz - Global Nutrition and Food Insecurity

Which of the following is true about the effects of undernutrition in poor countries?

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