Question at position 19 Read Paragraph 13 and choose the most suitable option. Which statement best expresses the conclusion of the article? Planned obsolescence can only be solved if companies change their focus.Planned obsolescence can be solved with the combined efforts of companies, governments and consumers.Planned obsolescence has serious long-term impacts for consumers and the environment.Planned obsolescence will only be solved if consumers force companies to change.

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In this question, we’re asked to identify which statement best captures the conclusion of the article from Paragraph 13. The options present different possible conclusions about planned obsolescence and its solutions or impacts.
Option 1: 'Planned obsolescence can only be solved if companies change their focus.' This claim centers solely on corporate change as a solution. It is limited because it ignores the roles of governments and consumers, and it presumes that corporate shift alone is sufficient, which may not align with a multi-stakeholder approach discussed in an article that often emphasizes broader collaboration.
Option 2: 'Planned obsolescence can be solved with the combined efforts of companies, governments and consumers.' This option posits a collective action framework, incorporating multiple actors. If the article’s conclusion highlights the need for collaboration across sectors—business, policy, and consumer behavior—this would be a strong fit and reflect a systemic remedy rather than a unilateral one.
Option 3: 'Planned obsolescence has serious long-term impacts for consumers and the environment.' This statement focuses on consequences rather than on the proposed resolution. While it could be a valid point within the article, it describes effects rather than the concluding call for action or resolution strategy.
Option 4: 'Planned obsolescence will only be solved if consumers force companies to change.' This suggests a consumer-driven, pressure-based solution. It emphasizes the power of consumer action but may overlook the roles of policy, corporate responsibility, and structural changes, limiting the scope of the proposed remedy.
Analyzing these options, we examine which answer aligns with a conclusion that emphasizes a comprehensive approach rather than a single agent or a focus solely on impacts. If the article’s concluding sentiment advocates joint responsibility and coordinated action among business, government, and consumer groups, that would favor the second option. Meanwhile, the other choices introduce narrower or more militant positions that seem less likely to be framed as the article’s overall takeaway, depending on the tone and emphasis in Paragraph 13.
Keeping in mind typical scholarly conclusions on planned obsolescence, many discussions advocate systemic solutions requiring collaboration across stakeholders, rather than attributing the fix to one party alone or only to the consequences. Thus, option 2 appears to best reflect a holistic conclusion, while options 1, 3, and 4 each present narrower or more restrictive viewpoints that may not capture the article’s full closing argument.

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