What is the limiting reagent in each run? Read the introductory materials carefully!

Question

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The question asks us to identify the limiting reagent in each run based on the introductory materials. 
Option by option reasoning:

Option 1: sodium bisulfite
This compound is typically the reducing agent or reactant that participates in the redox chemistry with iodate. If the introductory materials specify that the amounts of iodate are fixed and the amounts of bisulfite are in excess, then sodium bisulfite would not be limiting. Even if present in a substantial amount, it would only be limiting if iodate were in excess; since the correct answer indicates potassium iodate is limiting, this option is inconsistent with that scenario.

Option 2: starch solution
Starch solution is commonly used as an indicator to visualize the endpoint (it forms a blue-black complex with iodine). It is not a reactant consumed in the stoichiometric reaction between iodate and bisulfite. Therefore, starch would not be the limiting reagent by definition, and this choice is not correct.

Option 3: sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid often serves to provide the acidic medium required for the reaction, or to act as a catalyst in some redox processes. It is not typically consumed as part of the stoichiometric reaction with iodate and bisulfite. If the acid is present in sufficient quantity and not part of the limiting stoichiometry, it cannot be the limiting reagent. Hence this option is not correct.

Option 4: potassium iodate
If the introductory materials specify that the initial amount of potassium iodate is the smallest fixed quantity among reactants or that the stoichiometric calculation shows all of the iodate will be consumed before the other reactants, then potassium iodate is the limiting reagent. This aligns with the provided answer indicating potassium iodate as the limiting reagent, and it reflects the general principle that the reactant that runs out first controls the extent of the reaction.

In summary, the reasoning hinges on which reactant is present in the smallest stoichiometric amount relative to the others and will be exhausted first during the reaction. The other options either do not participate as a limiting reactant (starch as indicator, sulfuric acid as medium) or are not present in the limiting amount per the introductory setup (sodium bisulfite would be limiting only if iodate were in excess, which the provided answer suggests is not the case).

What is the limiting reagent in each run? Read the introductory materials carefully!

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