At what point to alleles segregate?

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The question asks: At what point do alleles segregate?

What we know conceptually is that alleles (different versions of a gene) segregate into gametes during meiosis, following Mendel's law of segregation. This occurs specifically when homologous chromosomes separate during the first division of meiosis (anaphase I). At this stage, the two homologous chromosomes, each carrying one allele of a gene, are pulled to opposite poles, resulting in gametes that receive one allele from each gene pair.

A few related clarifications help prevent misunderstandings:
- During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, not the sister chromatids. The separation of homologs is what ensures different alleles can end up in different gametes.
- In meiosis II, the sister chromatids separate, which further divides the chromosomes into individual chromatids in the gametes, but the key allele segregation event described by Mendel occurs at meiosis I during homolog separation.
- If the question had options, an option stating that alleles segregate when homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis would be correct; an option claiming segregation occurs at fertilization, during mitosis, or only in somatic cells would be incorrect.

In summary, alleles segregate into gametes when homologous chromosomes separate during the first meiotic division (anaphase I), aligning with the fundamental principle of Mendel’s law of segregation.

BIOL 1001 (090-095) Unit 1.3 Learning Quiz

At what point to alleles segregate?

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