In meiosis, the law of segregation is best explained by the fact that

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In this question, we’re examining how the Law of Segregation is reflected in meiosis.
Option 1: 'homologous chromosomes are separated during meiosis I.' This aligns with the Law of Segregation: the paired alleles (located on homologous chromosomes) are separated into different gametes because the homologous chromosomes themselves are pulled apart during Anaphase I of meiosis. This ensures that each gamete receives one member of each homologous pair, carrying one allele from each gene.
Option 2: 'sister chromatids are separated during meiosis I.' Separation of sister chromatids actually occurs during meiosis II, not meiosis I. The sister chromatids remain joined through meiosis I and separate later in meiosis II during Anaphase II, so this statement does not reflect the Law of Segregation as it applies to the first division.
Option 3: 'homologous chromosomes swap genetic material during crossing over.' Crossing over occurs during prophase I and results in recombination between homologous chromosomes, but this event is about genetic variation rather than the segregation of alleles into gametes. It does not describe the basic separation of homologous chromosomes that underpins the Law of Segregation.
Option 4: 'sister chromatids are separated during mitosis.' While sister chromatids separation is a hallmark of mitosis and also occurs in meiosis II, it is not describing the Law of Segregation as it occurs in the formation of gametes during meiosis. The pairing and separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I is the key feature related to segregation of alleles into gametes, not mitotic divisions.
Thus, each option’s alignment with or deviation from the Law of Segregation is clarified, highlighting why the correct mechanism is the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.

APBIO141-031 with labs 14.01 to 14.03 - Video Quiz

In meiosis, the law of segregation is best explained by the fact that

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